Juniper Warns of Mirai Botnet Targeting SSR Devices with Default Passwords
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Introduction
Juniper Networks has issued a stark warning about the exploitation of Session Smart Router (SSR) products with default passwords in a malicious campaign deploying the notorious Mirai botnet malware. This development highlights the persistent risk posed by insecure credentials and outdated devices in critical network infrastructure.
The advisory comes after several customers reported anomalous activity on their Session Smart Network (SSN) platforms on December 11, 2024, with compromised devices being used to launch distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. This article delves into the issue, the tactics used by Mirai and its variants, and actionable measures organizations can take to safeguard their networks.
What Is the Mirai Botnet?
The Mirai botnet, first discovered in 2016, targets devices with default credentials and known vulnerabilities to enlist them into a network of compromised systems. These botnets are then weaponized for:
- DDoS Attacks: Overwhelming targets with massive traffic.
- Network Exploits: Scanning for vulnerabilities to expand the botnet.
Evolution of Mirai
The public release of Mirai’s source code in 2016 led to the proliferation of variants, such as Hail Cock, which leverage advanced exploits to target outdated and vulnerable devices.
Juniper Networks’ Advisory
Key Details:
- Target: SSR devices with default passwords.
- Malware Impact: Devices are infected with Mirai malware and used for DDoS attacks.
- Indicators of Compromise (IoCs):
- Unusual port scanning activity.
- Frequent SSH login attempts, indicating brute-force attacks.
- Increased outbound traffic to unexpected IPs.
- Random reboots or instability.
- Connections from malicious IP addresses.
Juniper advises that once infected, the only surefire remediation is to reimage the compromised system, as it is impossible to determine the extent of changes made by the malware.
Other Exploits Leveraging Mirai
1. DigiEver Vulnerability Exploited by Hail Cock Variant
Akamai researchers recently disclosed that attackers are exploiting a remote code execution (RCE) flaw in DigiEver DS-2105 Pro DVRs to propagate the Hail Cock botnet, a Mirai variant.
Details:
- Attack Vector: Post-auth arbitrary file write on DVRs with weak passwords.
- Functionality: Malware performs Telnet and SSH brute-force attacks to expand the botnet.
2. Additional Vulnerabilities Targeted:
- CVE-2023-1389: Command injection vulnerability in TP-Link routers (CVSS 8.8).
- CVE-2018-17532: OS command injection vulnerabilities in Teltonika RUT9XX routers (CVSS 9.8).
Emerging Threats: The Role of Legacy Devices
Legacy and outdated hardware remain prime targets for attackers, as manufacturers often discontinue updates for older devices.
Examples of High-Risk Devices:
- DigiEver DS-2105 Pro DVRs: Approximately 10 years old, lacking updates.
- Retired TP-Link and Teltonika Routers: Vulnerable due to unpatched firmware.
Expert Insight:
“Cybercriminals leverage the legacy of Mirai malware to perpetuate botnet campaigns. Retired hardware and outdated firmware present easy targets,” noted Akamai researchers.
Mitigation Strategies
Organizations can adopt a multi-layered approach to mitigate threats from Mirai and its variants:
1. Secure Device Credentials
- Change default passwords immediately.
- Use strong, unique passwords for all network devices.
2. Implement Network Security Measures
- Deploy firewalls to block unauthorized access.
- Monitor and restrict traffic on unused ports.
3. Regular Updates and Patching
- Keep firmware and software up-to-date.
- Decommission devices that no longer receive security patches.
4. Continuous Monitoring and Incident Response
- Audit access logs for suspicious activity.
- Use threat intelligence tools to detect malicious IP addresses and traffic anomalies.
5. Educate Users and IT Staff
- Provide training on recognizing and addressing IoCs.
- Emphasize the importance of regular device audits and maintenance.
Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)
Key Signs of Mirai Infections:
- Port Scanning: Devices probing for open ports.
- Brute-Force Attempts: Repeated SSH login failures.
- Outbound Traffic Spikes: Connections to known malicious IPs.
- System Instability: Random reboots or performance degradation.
Responding to an Infection:
- Disconnect the device from the network immediately.
- Reimage the infected system to ensure all malware traces are removed.
- Implement strong access controls before reintegration.
Conclusion
The resurgence of Mirai botnet attacks, including the targeting of Juniper SSR devices and legacy hardware, underscores the ongoing risks posed by weak credentials and outdated systems. As cybercriminals evolve their tactics, organizations must adopt proactive measures to secure their networks, from robust password management to continuous monitoring.
By addressing vulnerabilities and fostering a culture of cybersecurity awareness, companies can reduce their exposure to threats like Mirai, safeguarding critical infrastructure and minimizing the risk of large-scale disruptions.
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