New APIs Discovered by Attackers in Just 29 Seconds: Understanding the Risks and Solutions
Introduction
The rapid rise in API adoption has fueled significant business growth but has also attracted threat actors targeting newly deployed APIs. According to Wallarm’s recent report, “Gone in 29 Seconds: The World’s First API Honeypot,” attackers can locate and exploit unprotected APIs in less than 30 seconds. This article delves into the findings of this groundbreaking research, highlights the security risks associated with unmanaged APIs, and outlines strategies to protect API ecosystems.
Introduction to API Security
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are the backbone of modern digital ecosystems, enabling seamless integration between applications, services, and platforms. However, their ubiquity and complexity make them a prime target for cyberattacks.
As API adoption accelerates, security challenges have grown exponentially. APIs now represent over 54% of all attack surfaces, surpassing traditional web applications. Without robust security measures, APIs can become entry points for devastating breaches.
Wallarm’s API Honeypot Research
Purpose and Methodology
Wallarm’s API honeypot experiment was designed to analyze how quickly threat actors discover and exploit vulnerable APIs. Over 20 days in November 2024, the honeypot tracked various attack patterns and behaviors.
Key Findings
- Newly deployed APIs were discovered in under 29 seconds on average.
- Most attacks targeted port 80 (19%), followed by ports 26657, 443, 8080, and 8443.
- Attack types included CVE exploitation (40%), discovery (34%), and authentication checks (26%).
The Risks of Unprotected APIs
Why Are APIs Vulnerable?
- Unmanaged Deployment: APIs often lack comprehensive oversight after deployment.
- Rapid Scaling: As businesses expand API usage, securing them becomes increasingly complex.
- Public Exposure: Misconfigured APIs are often exposed to public networks, inviting attacks.
Common Entry Points
- /status, /info, /health, and /metrics endpoints are particularly vulnerable.
Key Attack Types and Techniques
CVE Exploitation
Attackers exploit known vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access or control over APIs.
Discovery Attacks
Automated tools are used to identify and map exposed APIs, paving the way for exploitation.
Authentication Checks
Threat actors test weak or nonexistent authentication mechanisms to infiltrate APIs.
API Endpoint Naming Pitfalls
Risks of Common Names
Endpoints like /status and /info are easily guessable, making them prime targets for attackers.
Best Practices
- Use random UUIDs or SHA256 hashes for endpoint naming.
- Avoid exposing sensitive information through predictable endpoints.
Cost Efficiency for Attackers
The research revealed that attackers can launch API attacks with minimal investment:
- 50 requests per second across 50 IPs costs as little as $50–$150 per month.
- Such low-cost operations allow attackers to steal millions of records in mere seconds.
Protecting Your API Ecosystem
1. Strong Authentication
Implement OAuth, API keys, and token-based authentication to restrict access.
2. API Gateway and Monitoring
Use API gateways to manage traffic and monitor suspicious activity in real-time.
3. Rate Limiting
Set request limits to prevent abuse and brute force attacks.
Best Practices for API Security
- Conduct regular audits to identify vulnerabilities.
- Deploy web application firewalls (WAFs) for added protection.
- Obfuscate sensitive endpoints to make them less predictable.
FAQs on API Security
1. How quickly can APIs be attacked?
Research shows newly deployed APIs can be discovered and targeted in under 29 seconds.
2. What are the most common API vulnerabilities?
Exposed endpoints, weak authentication, and unpatched CVEs are frequent issues.
3. How can I secure my APIs?
Use strong authentication, obfuscate endpoints, and monitor activity with AI-powered tools.
Conclusion
Wallarm’s research highlights the urgent need for robust API security practices. As APIs become integral to business operations, the risks associated with their misuse grow exponentially. By adopting proactive measures such as endpoint obfuscation, strong authentication, and continuous monitoring, organizations can safeguard their APIs against the evolving threat landscape.
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